The next recession is on the horizon. That statement is true now, it was true a year ago, and it will still be true in 10 years. Perhaps the famous Benjamin Franklin quote should be updated to say the only certainties in life are death, taxes, and recessions.
While recessions are part of the natural cycle of the economy, they are notoriously difficult to predict. It is usually only after a recession has started that economists actually know about it, and the economy is usually in a full upswing before anyone realizes the recession is over.
Regardless of when the next one will start or end, if you don’t know how to prepare for a recession, it can be scary to think about. The last recession in 2008 was a particularly hard-hitting one, especially for the Millennial generation who were just entering the work force, and faced the prospect of waiting months or even years to find a job.
But fortunately, there are some simple and concrete steps you can take to prepare for the next recession, whenever it arrives. By having a plan in place, you can soften the blow of a recession, or even profit from it.
10 Things to Do Before the Next Recession
1. Don’t Panic
First things first, don’t panic.
During good economic times, unemployment rate hovers around 4%. In the 2008 recession, unemployment peaked at 10%. So while 6% of people who were employed lost their jobs, 90% stayed employed.
Preparing for a recession doesn’t mean stocking up on canned goods and preparing for the apocalypse. In most cases the economy stops growing or retracts slightly. If you have a long term view of your investments and your career outlook, weathering a recession is certainly doable.
The people who fared the worst in the last recession were those that were over-leveraged on their houses, in debt, and had more bills to pay than income coming in.
If you have a safety net and are making wise decisions with your finances in the good times (more on that below), a recession is more like a speed bump than driving off a cliff.
2. Increase Your Cash Reserves
Most financial advisers recommend having at least 6 months of expenses saved up in an emergency fund. This will allow you to continue paying for the basic necessities such as rent, food, and utilities should you lose your income for a period of time.
Sure you can cut things like vacations, or a new car. But you will need some cash to stay afloat even after tightening your belt.
If you’re not sure where to start, begin by tracking your expenses. Take a long, hard look at what you realistically spend every month by going through your credit card and bank statements. Then multiply that monthly number by 6 and make a goal to set that aside in a safe place.
It may seem like a daunting number, and that’s ok. It could take a year or more to save up, but if you can put aside a portion of your income every month in good economic times, you are well on your way to reaching your goal.
If you’re really serious about building up your emergency savings, you could find ways to make some additional income every month that would go straight to savings. Even just learning how to make an extra $500 a month can be the difference you need to reach your goal months or even years sooner than planned.
One thing to note is that your emergency fund should not be invested in Bitcoin, or the next hot tech stock. This is money that you want to access immediately if necessary, and that you are relying on to stay relatively stable in value.
While the 2% returns on a high yield savings account are not sexy, just remember this is for short term needs. In a recession, the stock market is generally one of the first things to plummet, and if you have your supposed safety net invested there, it could get wiped out in a matter of weeks or months.
3. Pay Off High Interest Debt
While increasing your emergency fund, you should also be equally diligent in paying down debt. Almost all Americans have some form of debt, whether it be a mortgage, car loan, student loans, or credit cards.
When used responsibly, debt can be a great tool. With the record-low interest rate environment we’ve enjoyed the past several years, taking out a mortgage to buy a home, or even learning how to invest in real estate with little money down can be a great boost to your financial stability.
However, debt payments can be troublesome during a recession when finances are tighter, and especially so if they are high-interest consumer debt. At a time when you may be trying to cut back your lifestyle, credit cards with 15-20% interest rates can make saving money seem impossible.
While it’s never a good idea to rack up thousands of dollars in credit card debt, if you do have high-interest debt, now is the time to aggressively pay it down before a recession.
4. Take Out Additional Lines of Credit
This may sound like a contradiction to the last point to pay off your high-interest debt, but stick with me.
There’s a saying that the easiest time to get a loan is when you don’t need it. And that is very true. Banks love to lend money to people who have good credit, high incomes, and lots of liquidity.
If you are thinking of refinancing your mortgage, or taking out a HELOC (home equity line of credit), or even a business loan, now is the time to do it. Generally during an economic downturn, lending requirements tighten significantly. So even if your financial situation hasn’t changed it can be much harder to get a loan.
To the previous point, now is not the time to go out a buy a brand new car, or open a high-interest credit card to go on a shopping spree. But if you are taking out low-interest debt responsibly, or want to have a line of credit in place as a backup plan to an emergency fund, it is much easier to do so now than after the next recession begins.
5. Live Within Your Means
This is good advice whether you’re preparing for the next recession or not, but is especially important in the face of economic uncertainty.
Spend less than you earn. It’s easy to say, but often hard to live by. If you’re spending money you don’t have now in the good times, it will only get harder when finances get tighter.
If this has all started to sound like a broken record, it’s because personal finance at it’s most basic is pretty simple:
- Spend less than your earn
- Save for a rainy day
- Don’t buy stuff you don’t need with money you don’t have
Learning to live within your means is not something that happens overnight. It’s a habit developed and practiced over time, like exercise for your wallet.
If you can work on your mindset around money now, before potential disaster strikes, you have a much better chance of being prepared for any storm that comes your way.
6. Reconsider Big-Ticket Purchases or Sales
When it comes to preparing for a slowing economy, one thing you don’t want to do is take on a huge financial burden. Now may not be the time to buy that new car, or bigger house at the top of your price point.
Conversely, if you’re looking to sell a big-ticket item in the near future, such as your house, now may be the time to do it. If the economy falters, the housing market could slow as well, and you could have a much harder time selling. And if you get into financial trouble or an unyielding timeline, you could end up taking a loss if you wait to sell until after a recessions starts.
7. Recession-Proof Your Job
In the past few years, unemployment rates have dropped to record lows and employees have enjoyed a lot of bargaining power. Many industries have shortages of skilled workers, and it has been easy to jump from one company to another to get a promotion, pay raise, or better benefits.
During a recession, all of this can come to a screeching halt. As companies cut back budgets and look for ways to reduce expenses, one of the first things to get scrutinized is the employee base. People are afraid of losing their job, so they hold onto it instead of looking for something new, so less positions become available.
Another consequence of this is a “last in, first out” mentality. If you’re the newest person on the team, you may not have had time to prove your worth or network within the company to secure your position.
As we approach the next recession, it may be wise to think twice about making a big career move, and perhaps consider staying in a job where you’ve proven your value. There are no guarantees in life, but having a strong network of colleagues that support you and tangible results of the work you’ve done could possibly shield you from the next round of layoffs should they occur.
8. Start a Side Hustle
When money gets tight during a recession, having even a small income stream coming in can help offset a loss in income, and help pay the bills.
Whether you have a hobby like woodworking you can turn into a side income, or taking on freelance projects in your spare time, there has never been an easier time to learn how to make money from home and bring in extra income outside of your day job.
Don’t wait until you desperately need the money to make ends meet. It can take some time to build a solid income stream.
Here are a few tips for identifying a side hustle that will work for you:
- Make a list of your unique abilities. Or better yet, ask those around you what they think your unique skills are.
- Find someone who needs your skills. For example, if you are an accountant by day, you could help a small business owner who is great at selling his products, but not so good at keeping up with the finances. You can teach him how to become a bookkeeper for his own business, or even do the bookkeeping for him as a side hustle.
- Take advantage of the gig economy. There are so many ways to make money in the gig economy – whether driving for Uber, delivering groceries, or even pet sitting.
9. Don’t Try to Time the Market
So far we’ve looked at a lot of practical ways to increase income, pay off debt, and generally survive day-to-day in a recession.
But another often-overlooked aspect of preparing for a recession is making sure your long term retirement investments are secure. One thing many people try to do is time the market – sell when stocks are high, and buy back in at the low point.
The only problem is that buying and selling is often an emotional decision, and the risks are extremely high. Even Warren Buffett, one of the greatest stock-pickers in the world, thinks it is a huge mistake to try to time the market.
It can be tempting to try to predict a crash and get out before it happens, but in fact multiple studies have shown that investors who try to time the market almost always end up under-performing versus a buy-and-hold index strategy over time.
10. Adjust Your Asset Allocation to Match Your Risk Tolerance
While trying to time the market is generally not a wise move, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t buy and sell to reallocate your portfolio from time to time.
With the meteoric rise of the stock market over the past 10+ years, now is a great time to look at your asset allocation and see if it matches your risk tolerance.
For example, if you will be entering retirement in the next year or two, but have a majority of your investments in equities, it may make sense to move some of that money over to less risky investments that have a better chance of holding their value in a recession.
If you are fresh out of college and have a 40 year career ahead of you before you need to access your retirement savings, then a heavier allocation of stocks may make sense.
Either way, you should consider your time horizon and risk tolerance and adjust your investments accordingly.
How to Prepare for the Next Recession
I wish I had a crystal ball to predict when the next recession will begin, but unfortunately no one can know for certain.
There are certainly metrics we can watch that are indicators for a possibly recession. But as the great economist Paul Samuelson once quipped, “the stock market has predicted 9 of the past 5 recessions”.
Regardless of when the next downturn occurs and how severe it is, by taking these 10 steps to take control of your finances you will be prepared for whatever happens.
Andrew Herrig is a finance expert and money nerd and the founder of Wealthy Nickel, where he writes about personal finance, side hustles, and entrepreneurship. As an avid real estate investor and owner of multiple businesses, he has a passion for helping others build wealth and shares his own family’s journey on his blog.
Andrew holds a Masters of Science in Economics from the University of Texas at Dallas and a Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engineering from Texas A&M University. He has worked as a financial analyst and accountant in many aspects of the financial world.
Andrew’s expert financial advice has been featured on CNBC, Entrepreneur, Fox News, GOBankingRates, MSN, and more.
